Gastroenteritis, commonly known as "gastro", is an inflammation of the stomach and intestine that manifests itself through symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting. Highly contagious, it requires special care to prevent its spread. How can it be effectively treated? When should you consult a doctor? What diet should we adopt? Discover the answers to these essential questions in this guide.

Understanding gastroenteritis

What is gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis is a common condition affecting the digestive system, particularly the stomach and intestines. It is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of these organs. Symptoms, often painful for the patient, can include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and abdominal cramps.

Gastroenteritis has a variety of causes: it can be viral, bacterial, parasitic, or even caused by the ingestion of toxic substances. Highly contagious, gastroenteritis can spread rapidly, particularly in closed environments. Hygiene measures are therefore essential to prevent its transmission.

Origin of gastroenteritis

Gastroenteritis results mainly from infection by micro-organisms, which can be viruses, bacteria or parasites. Among the most common viruses are rotavirus and norovirus. Bacteria can cause gastroenteritis through contaminated food or water. Parasites are a less frequent cause.

In addition to micro-organisms, the ingestion of certain chemical toxins, medicines or drugs can also cause gastroenteritis.

How is gastroenteritis transmitted?

Gastroenteritis can be transmitted in several ways. One of the most common is direct contact with an infected person. For example, if an infected person coughs or sneezes, the viral particles can find their way onto another person.

Transmission can also occur through indirect contact, by touching objects or surfaces contaminated with the virus and then putting fingers to mouth.

In addition, the disease can spread via the fecal-oral route. Indeed, if a sick person does not practice rigorous hand hygiene after a bowel movement, he or she can contaminate food or drink.

Finally, gastroenteritis can be transmitted by ingesting contaminated food or water. Food can be contaminated by a sick person or by contaminated water. Shellfish, minced meats, ready-made meals and unpasteurized dairy products are often implicated in this mode of transmission.

Recognizing gastro symptoms

Signs in adults

Symptoms of gastroenteritis in adults are generally acute and rapid in onset. Diarrhea is often the first sign, and may be accompanied by abdominal cramps and nausea.

In some cases, vomiting may also occur. Mild fever, headache or muscle pain may also be observed. These symptoms usually last 24 to 72 hours.

It should be noted that the intensity of these symptoms can vary from one individual to another. For example, it's possible to have gastroenteritis with little or no vomiting.

Signs of dehydration, such as extreme thirst or dry mouth, may appear in cases of severe diarrhea and vomiting. These require particular attention, especially in the frail or elderly.

The color and consistency of stools may also change, often becoming soft and watery. Sometimes, green or black stools may be observed.

Remember, medical attention is required if symptoms persist or worsen.

Symptoms in babies

In babies, gastroenteritis can manifest itself through a variety of signs. As in adults, diarrhea is a common symptom, characterized by frequent, runny stools. Vomiting and nausea may also be present.

Irritability and reduced appetite are other signs to watch out for. Gastroenteritis can sometimes bring on a fever or tummy ache in the baby. The sudden onset of these symptoms is a strong indicator of the disease.

It's also important to look out for signs of dehydration, which can be more subtle in babies. A sunken fontanel, less elastic skin, less frequent dark urine or crying without tears may indicate dehydration. In this case, medical advice is required.

Signs in children

Symptoms of gastroenteritis in children may be similar to those in adults, but are often more intense. Commonly observed signs include

• frequent, sometimes repeated, vomiting
• more frequent, watery diarrhea, which may contain mucus
• Abdominal cramps or pain
• Nausea and loss of appetite
• fever or headache

You may also notice changes in your child's behavior, such as drowsiness or increased irritability.

Signs of dehydration should be monitored closely, including dry mouth, decreased urine output, sunken eyes or loss of skin elasticity. In the presence of these symptoms, medical consultation is necessary.

Treatment of gastroenteritis

Medicines and natural remedies

There are several options for relieving the symptoms of gastroenteritis. Certain drugs available in pharmacies can relieve symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and stomach ache. According to some studies, probiotics can help reduce the duration of diarrhea in certain cases.

As for natural remedies, ginger seems to be effective in reducing nausea.

The importance of hydration

Hydration plays a crucial role in the treatment of gastroenteritis. During gastroenteritis, the body loses large quantities of water and electrolytes through vomiting and diarrhea. This imbalance can lead to dehydration, a complication that can worsen symptoms and delay recovery.

To avoid this, you need to compensate for these losses by drinking fluids regularly. The ideal beverages are oral rehydration solutions , available from pharmacies, as they contain the mineral salts the body needs. Water and broths are also good beverages to consume alongside rehydration solutions.

Drink often, but in small sips to avoid overloading the stomach. Sugary soft drinks and alcohol should be avoided, as they can exacerbate dehydration.

Appropriate treatment for babies and children

Treatment of gastroenteritis in babies and children is based primarily on rehydration. With diarrhea and vomiting, the risk of dehydration is high. It is therefore crucial to compensate for fluid losses. Oral rehydration solutions, available from pharmacies, are particularly recommended.

For breast-fed infants, it is advisable to continue breast-feeding, offering the breast more often and in smaller quantities. For bottle-fed infants, the usual formula can be maintained or adapted according to the recommendations of your healthcare professional.

Finally, the vaccine against rotavirus, the main virus responsible for gastroenteritis in children, is a preventive option worth discussing with your doctor, given the vaccine's proven effectiveness in reducing cases of gastroenteritis in young children and the complications associated with the disease.

Home solutions for rehydrating the body

Making a homemade rehydration solution

Preparing a rehydration solution at home is a practical and economical option. Here's the recipe to follow precisely:

• 360 ml (12 oz) pure, unsweetened, pulp-free orange juice.
• 600 ml (20 oz.) cooled boiled water.
• 2.5 ml (1/2 tsp.) salt.

Mix ingredients until completely dissolved.

This homemade solution is ideal for adults and children. However, it is not recommended for babies under 6 months of age. It's important to consult a health professional to choose the best treatment for your child, and to determine the right amount to administer.

Warning: This recipe is intended for temporary use only. If symptoms persist, it's best to consult a healthcare professional.

Nutrition during and after gastroenteritis

What to eat during gastroenteritis

During gastroenteritis, your choice of food can help relieve symptoms and speed recovery. Eating a normal, balanced diet will help your intestines heal faster, so it's important to keep eating as much as possible.

• Vegetables: opt for well-cooked vegetables that are easy to digest and provide vitamins, such as carrots or zucchinis.
• Meat and fish: opt for lean meats and grilled fish, which are easy-to-digest sources of protein.
• Starches: include foods such as rice and potatoes for their energy and low-fiber content.
• Fruit: fresh or canned fruit in juice (not syrup) is generally well tolerated.
• Avoid high-fiber foods such as raw vegetables, highly acidic foods and spicy dishes, which can irritate your digestive system. Avoid lactose-containing dairy products and high-fat foods, as well as caffeine and alcohol.

Nutrition after gastroenteritis

After gastroenteritis, it's essential to slowly reintroduce food into your diet to avoid aggravating symptoms.

It's best to eat small, frequent meals rather than large ones. This allows your digestive system to recover gradually. Finally, don't forget to continue hydrating regularly to compensate for fluid losses due to diarrhea and vomiting.

Managing gastroenteritis while pregnant

Being pregnant and suffering from gastroenteritis can be a challenge. The first step is to ensure adequate hydration. Dehydration is the main risk to avoid. If you're having trouble getting enough to eat, opt for an oral rehydration solution.

To alleviate symptoms, certain medications can be considered. However, their use must be approved by a health professional to avoid any risk to the baby. Your pharmacist can help you choose the right molecule for your symptoms and recommend a medication that is safe during pregnancy.

In terms of diet, opt for a varied but light diet, rich in liquids and low in fatty and acidic foods. Avoid carbonated beverages, which can accentuate symptoms. Lean meats and fish, cooked vegetables, fruit and starchy foods can be beneficial to you and your baby's health.

In the event of persistent gastroenteritis or severe symptoms, consulting a doctor is essential. He or she will be able to identify the agent responsible for the infection and check that it is not bacterial in origin, which requires antibiotic treatment.

Gastroenteritis: when to consult a doctor?

In certain cases, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional. If you or your child experience persistent symptoms of gastroenteritis despite self-care measures, a medical consultation is necessary. In particular, you should consult if :

• High fever or diarrhea lasting more than 72 hours
• blood or pus is present in the stool
• You observe signs of severe dehydration, such as unusual drowsiness, dry skin, intense thirst, or dark-colored urine.

Individuals with chronic illnesses, pregnant women and young children are particularly vulnerable and may require more rapid medical attention.